Thousands of opposition supporters chanted, 鈥淲e know we won, we know they lost, we are not afraid鈥, in the streets of major cities after Turkey鈥檚 President Recep Tayyip Erdogan claimed victory in the April 16 referendum to strengthen presidential power.
Late in the evening police attacked opposition demonstrators outside the headquarters of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP).
Officially, Erdogan won just over 51% of the votes, against nearly 49% for the opposition. However reports of electoral fraud came from all over the country, according to the main opposition parties, the centre-left People鈥檚 Republican Party (CHP) and the left-wing, Kurdish-led People鈥檚 Democratic Party (HDP).
They accused the national election commission of accepting 1.5 million votes not properly stamped at polling stations. The HDP says that between 3-4% of votes were rigged.
The outcome, probably fraudulent, was far from the ringing endorsement Erdogan expected. The 鈥測es鈥 vote was achieved by a huge propaganda campaign by the pro-regime media. This is nearly all of it after many journalists were purged and dozens of opposition papers and TV stations closed down.
The fascist National Action Party (MHP), which normally wins 12-15% of the vote, supported a 鈥測es鈥 vote, as did conservative religious leaders that support the regime.
After the official results were announced, a crowd of about 3000 AKP supporters gathered in front of AKP headquarters, a paltry figure by Turkish standards. The anti-climax among Erdogan鈥檚 supporters has to be put in the context of the AKP and MHP winning 61% in the last general election.
Clearly, many previous AKP and MHP supporters voted 鈥渘o鈥 in the referendum.
In all the major cities, including Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir, and Turkey鈥檚 biggest tourist centre Antalya, as well as in the majority Kurdish areas in the south east, there was a majority 鈥榥o鈥 vote. The votes demonstrate that nearly a year after an attempted military coup, following which Erdogan declared a state of emergency that is still in place, opposition to the regime is still huge.
In the brutalised Kurdish city of Cisre, much of which was destroyed by the regime鈥檚 military assault on self-governing Kurdish communities in 2015-16, 83% voted 鈥渘o鈥. In Varto, one of the first Kurdish towns to declare self-governing autonomy, the 鈥渘o鈥 vote was 86%.
And in Samandag on the southern border, which the government uses as a base for its intervention against Kurdish fighters in Syria, 92.3% voted 鈥渘o鈥.
As well as Antalya, almost all of the Aegean, Thrace and Mediterranean regions, where tourism is a crucial part of the economy, voted 鈥渘o鈥. Local people know that Erdogan鈥檚 path to dictatorship is badly damaging the tourist trade.
In terms of effective powers for the president, in the immediate future the new constitution changes little.
Erdogan already has a compliant AKP-dominated parliament, ministers who do his bidding 100% of the time, and emergency powers that have lead to more than 100,000 people thrown out of their jobs, many thousands jailed and tortured and dozens of newspapers and TV/radio stations closed.
All the referendum could have added was the affirmation that a clear majority of Turkish people backed his journey to one-man dictatorship. This attempt has failed dramatically.
But one thing the referendum can bring about is an extension of Erdogan鈥檚 term in office. The changes to Turkey鈥檚 constitution would mean that Erdogan will be allowed to run for re-election in 2019 and serve two five-year terms. In practice, Erdogan could remain in office until 2029.
In addition, Erdogan confirmed that the AKP will now seek the legalisation of the death penalty.
A number of show trials, involving armed forces and police personnel accused of participating in the July 2016 coup, started in December and are ongoing. Soon these will be expanded to include leaders of the HDP, including co-leaders Selahattin Demirtas and Figen Yuksekdag.
A total of 13 HDP leaders were arrested in November on terrorism-related charges after their parliamentary immunity was lifted in March last year. All the HDP deputies have now withdrawn from parliament.
The HDP says that since last year鈥檚 failed coup, 5471 of its supporters have been taken into custody and 1482 people have been formally arrested. Demitras faces trial in more than 100 different cases that include charges of 鈥渕anaging a terrorist organisation鈥. He faces more than 100 years in jail.
Turkey鈥檚 government has long been accusing the HDP of being the political front of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers鈥 Party鈥檚 (PKK).
The HDP and all those fighting the march to dictatorship in Turkey need full solidarity as they resist the continuing show trials, jailings and torture from the regime.
[Abridged from .]