With the defeat of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez鈥檚 proposed constitutional reforms, aimed at 鈥渙pening the path to socialism鈥 in the referendum on December 2, by a tiny margin of 50.7% to 49.3% with 90% of the vote counted, many Venezuelans and supporters of the Bolivarian revolution internationally are asking 鈥渨hat happened?鈥.
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Ecology is often seen as a recent invention. But the idea that capitalism degrades the environment in a way that disproportionately affects the poor and the colonised was already expressed in the 19th century in the work of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels.
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